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The renin-angiotensin system does not contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and increased infarct size in rats exposed to second hand smoke

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA

Richard E Sievers

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA

Amanda EM Browne

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA

Robert T Hillman

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA

Kamel Chair

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA

Randall J Lee

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA

Kanu Chatterjee

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA

Stanton A Glantz

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA

William W Parmley

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco, USA, parmley@ medicine.ucsf.edu

Introduction

Both second hand smoke (SHS) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction and increased infarct size in a rat ischaemia-reperfusion model. However, the potential interaction between SHS and the RAS is unknown.

Methods

Eighty-four rats were randomised into four groups: group C was a normal control; L was given 40 mg/kg/day of losartan in drinking water; SC and SL were exposed to SHS (smoking chamber) and given regular water or 40 mg/kg/day of losartan in drinking water, respectively. After six weeks of pre-treatment, rats were subjected to 17 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion with haemodynamic and ECG monitoring.

Results

Haemodynamics were not significantly different among the four groups. Losartan increased the threshold for ventricular fibrillation (p=0.0001) and reduced spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias (p=0.002) during ischaemia-reperfusion, while SHS did not (p=0.713, 0.110), and there was no interaction between losartan and SHS. The maximal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by a calcium ionophore (A23187) was increased by losartan (p=0.007). Myocardial infarct size was smaller in the losartan groups (p=0.032), larger in the SHS groups (p=0.0001), and there was no significant interaction.

Conclusion

In conclusion, losartan decreased infarct size and increased endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. SHS exposure impaired endothelial function and increased infarct size. The effects of losartan and SHS were consistently independent of each other. These results suggest that the RAS does not contribute to the adverse effects of SHS.

Key Words: angiotensin II • second hand smoke • ischaemia-reperfusion • infarct size • endothelial dysfunction

Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Vol. 3, No. 1, 54-60 (2002)
DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2002.009


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