|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Review: Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, with particular reference to dual blockade treatment
Niels Holmark Andersen
Department of Internal Medicine, M, Kommunehospitalet University Hospital, DK-Åarhus C, Denmark, holmark@ iekf.au.dk
Carl Erik Mogensen
Department of Internal Medicine, M, Kommunehospitalet University Hospital, DK-Åarhus C, Denmark
Key Words: ACE inhibition angiotensin II receptor blockade hypertension nephropathy congestive heart failure dual blockade
References
- Hypertension in Diabetes Study (HDS): II Increased risk of cardiovascular complications in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Hypertension 1993;11:309-17.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Mogensen CE ACE inhibitors and antihypertensive treatment in diabetes: focus on microalbuminuria and macrovascular disease. JRAAS 2001;1:234-9.
- Viberti G., Mogensen CE, Groop LC, Pauls JF Effect of captopril on progression to clinical proteinuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. European Microalbuminuria Captopril Study Group. JAMA 1994;271(4):275-9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Jafar TH, Schmid CH, Landa M. et al.The ACE Inhibition in Progressive Renal Disease Study Group Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Progression of Nondiabetic Renal Disease. A Meta-Analysis of Patient-Level Data Annals of internal medicine 2001;135(2):73-87.
- UK Prospective Diabetes study group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. BMJ 1998; 317:703-13.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Hannson L., Zanchetti A., Carruthers SG Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal treated (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet 1998;351(9118):1755-62.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- van den Meiracker AH, Man in 't Veld AJ, Admiraal PJ et al. Partial escape of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition during prolonged ACE inhibitor treatment: does it exist and does it affect the antihypertensive response? J Hypertens 1992;10(8):803-12.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Agarwal R. Add-on angiotensin receptor blockade with maximized ACE inhibition. Kidney Int 2001;59(6):2282-9.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Jorde U., Ennezat PV, Lisker J. et al. Maximally Recommended Doses of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors Do Not Completely Prevent ACE-Mediated Formation of Angiotensin II in Chronic Heart Failure. Circulation 2000;101:844-6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Urata H., Healy B., Stewart RW, Bumpus FM, Husain A. Angiotensin II-forming pathways in normal and failing human hearts. Circ Res 1990;66:883-90.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Hollenberg NK, Fisher NDL, Price DA Pathways for angiotensin II generation in intact human tissue. Evidence for comparative pharmacological interruption of the renin angiotensin system. Hypertension 1998; 32:387-92.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Wolny A., Clozel JP, Rein J. et al. Functional and biochemical analysis of angiotensin II-forming pathways in the human heart. Circ Res 1997;80(2):219-27.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Urata H., Kinoshita A., Misono KS, Bumpus FM, Husain A. Identification of a highly specific chymase as the major angiotensin II-forming enzyme in the human heart. J Biol Chem 1990;265(36):22348-57.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Califf RM, Cohn JN Cardiac protection: evolving role of angiotensin receptor blockers. Am Heart J 2000;139(1 Pt 2):S15-22.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ihara M., Urata H., Kinoshita A. et al. Increased Chymase-Dependent Angiotensin II Formation in Human Atherosclerotic Aorta.Hypertension 1999;33(6):1399-405.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Hollenberg NK, Osei SY, Langsang MC, Price DA, Fisher N. Salt intake and non-ACE pathways for intrarenal angiotensin II generation in man. JRAAS 2001;2:14-8.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- MacFadyen RJ, Lees KR, Reid JL Tissue and plasma angiotensin converting enzyme and the response to ACE-inhibitor drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991;31:1-13.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Weber KT, Sun Y. Recruitable ACE and tissue repair in the infarcted heart. JRAAS 2000;1:295-303.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Dzau VJ, Re R. Tissue angiotensin system in cardiovasular medicine.A paradigm shift. Circulation 1994;90(1):449-55.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Rakugi H.,Wang DS, Dzau VJ, Pratt RE Potential importance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in preventing neointima formation. Circulation 1994;90(1):449-55.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Weinberg MS, Weinberg AJ, Zappe DH Effectively tagetting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system in cardiovascular and renal disease: rationale for using angiotensin II receptor blockers in combination with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. JRAAS 2000;1:217-33.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Azizi M., Chatellier G., Guyene T.-T, Murieta-Geoffroy D., Menard J. Additive effects of combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II antagonism on blood pressure and renin release in sodium-depleted normotensives. Circulation 1995;92:825-34.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Azizi M., Linhart A., Alexander J. et al. Pilot study of combined blockade of the renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2000;18(8):1139-47.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Fagard R., Lijnen P., Pardaens K., Thijs L., Vinck W. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of losartan and enalapril in patients with essential hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:161-7.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Burnier M., Brunner HR Angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Lancet 2000; 355: 637-45.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Mazzolai L., Maillard M., Rossat J., Nussberger J., Brunner HR, Burnier M. Angiotensin II receptor blockade in normal subjects: a direct comparison of three AT1 receptor antagonists. Hypertension 1999;33(3):850-5.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Weir MR, Weber MA, Neutel JM, Vendetti J., Michelson EL, Wang RY Efficacy of candesartan cilexetil as add-on therapy in hypertensive patients uncontrolled on background therapy: a clinical experience trial. ACTION Study Investigators. Am J Hypertens 2001;14(6 Pt 1):567-72.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Mogensen CE, Neldam S., Tikkanen I. et al. for the CALM study group. Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with Hypertension microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: the candesartan and lisinopril microalbuminuria (CALM) study BMJ 2000;321:1440-4.
- Dahlöf B., Devereux RB, Julius S. et al. for the LIFE Study Group Characteristics of 9194 Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. The LIFE Study. Hypertension 1998;32:989-97.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Julius S. Long-Term Potential of Angiotensin Receptor Blockade for Cardiovascular Protection in Hypertension: The VALUE Trial. Cardiology 1999;91(suppl 1):8-13.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Brenner B for the Renaal study Investigators. RENAAL. Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan American Society of Hypertension 16th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition 2001.
- Lewis EJ et al. IDNT. Irbesartan type II Diabetic Nephropathy Trial. American Society of Hypertension 16th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition 2001.
- Nigel M. Wheeldon, GianCarlo Viberti. Microalbuminuria reduction with valsartan, the MARVALTrial. Am JHypertension 14:4(suppl 1):A2.
- Parving HH et al. IRMA 2 trial IRbesartan in type 2 diabetes with Microalbuminuria 2. American Society of Hypertension 16th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition 2001.
- Russo D., Pisani A., Balletta MM et al. Additive antiproteinuric effect of converting enzyme inhibitor and losartan in normotensive patients with IgA nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;33(5):851-6.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kincaid-Smith PS, Fairley KF, Packham DK Effects on blood pressure, proteinuria and renal function of adding a angiotensin receptor antagonist (Candesartan 8 mgs) to an ACE inhibitor in normotensive patients with renal disease. JRAAS 2001; 2:50.
- Hebert LA, Falkenhain ME, Nahman NS Jr, Cosio FG, O'Dorisio TM. Combination ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Nephrol 1999;19(1):1-6.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Rossing K., Christensen PK, Jensen BR, Parving HH Renoprotective effect of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Abstract. EASD, Glasgow 2001.
- Ruilope LM, Aldigier JC, Ponticelli C., Oddou-Stock P., Botteri F., Mann JF Safety of the combination of valsartan and benazepril in patients with chronic renal disease. European Group for the Investigation of Valsartan in Chronic Renal Disease. J Hypertens 2000;18(1):89-95.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ruzicka M., Yuan B., Harmsen E., Leenen FH The renin-angiotensin system and volume overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor versus angiotensin II receptor blocker. Circulation 1993;87(3):921-30.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Sadoshima J., Izumo S. Molecular characterization of angiotensin II--induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and hyperplasia of cardiac fibroblasts. Critical role of the AT1 receptor subtype. Circ Res 1993;73(3):413-23.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1429-35.[Abstract]
- Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E., Moy LA et al. on behalf of the SAVE investigators. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction: results of the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement Trial. N Engl J Med 1992;327:669-77.[Abstract]
- The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991;325:293-302.[Abstract]
- Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Lancet 1993;342(8875):821-8.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Kober L.,Torp-Pedersen C., Carlsen JE et al. A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(25):1670-6.
- Pitt B., Poole-Wilson PA, Robert Segal R. et al. on behalf of the ELITE II investigators. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality inpatients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial-the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000;355:1582-7.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Baruch L., Anand I., Cohen IS, Ziesche S., Judd D., Cohn JN; for the Vasodilator Heart Failure Trial (V-HeFT) Study Group. Augmented Short- and Long-Term Hemodynamic and Hormonal Effects of an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Added to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure. Circulation 1999;99:2658-64.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Hamroff G., Katz SD, Mancini D. et al. Addition of angiotensin II receptor blockade to maximal angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves exercise capacity in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Circulation 1999;99(8):990-2.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- McKelvie RS, Yusuf S., Pericak D. et al. Comparison of Candesartan, Enalapril, and Their Combination in Congestive Heart Failure Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction (RESOLVD) Pilot Study. Circulation 1999;100:1056-64.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Cohn JN, Tognoni G. Effect of the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Valsartan on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure: the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial (Val-HeFT). Circulation 2000; 102:2672.
- Swedberg K., Pfeffer M., Granger C. et al. and Charm-Programme Investigators. Candesartan in heart failure assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM): rationale and design. J Card Fail 1999;5:276-82.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Pfeffer MA, McMurray J., Leizorovicz A. et al. Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT): Rationale and design. Am Heart J 2000;140:727-34.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Chaturvedi N., Sjolie AK, Stephenson JM et al. Effect of lisinopril on progression of retinopathy in normotensive people with type 1 diabetes.The EUCLID Study Group. EURO-DIAB Controlled Trial of Lisinopril in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.Lancet 1998;351(9095):28-31.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Campell DJ Endogenous angiotensin II levels and the mechanism of action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor type: 1 antagonist. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiology 1996;(suppl 3):S125-31.
- Anne Katrin Sjølie. The Diabetic Retinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme Poster presentation. The 4th International Symposium on Angiotensin II Antagonism. London 2001.
Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Vol. 2, No. 3,
146-152 (2001)
DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2001.020

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
|
|