This Article Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Elliott, H. L Articles by McInnes, G. T Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Elliott, H. L Articles by McInnes, G. T Pubmed/NCBI databases Medline Plus Health Information High Blood Pressure Seniors' Health Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Special management needs of the elderly hypertensive patient

University Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK, h.l.elliott@ clinmed.gla.ac.uk

Gordon T McInnes

University Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

Key Words: hypertension • elderly • antihypertensive therapy • age • management • diagnosis • postural hypotension • quality of life • compliance • heart failure • stroke

References

• Gambassi G., Lapane K., SgadariA. et al. Prevalence, clinical correlates and treatment of hypertension in elderly nursing home residents. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:2377-85.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Messerli FH, Ventura HO, Amodeo C. Osler's maneuver and pseudohypertension. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1548-51.[Abstract]
• Belmin J., Vistin JM, Salvatore R. et al. Osler's maneuver: absence of usefulness for the detection of pseudohypertension in an elderly population. Am J Med 1995;98:42-9.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Winberg N., Hoegolm A., Christensen et al. 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in 352 normal Danish subjects, related to age and gender.AmJMed 1995;8:978-86.
• O'Brien E., Murphy J., Tyndall A. et al. 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in men and women aged 17-80 years: the Allied Irish Bank Study. J Hypertens 1991;9:355-60.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Staessen J., Bulpitt CJ, Fagard R. et al. Reference values for the ambulatory blood pressure and the blood pressure measured at home: a population study. J Hum Hypertens 1991; 5:355-61.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Trenkwalder P., Plaschke M., Steffes-Tremer I. et al. White-coat hypertension and alerting reaction in elderly and very elderly hypertensive patients. Blood Pressure 1993;2:262-71.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Fotherby MD, Potter JF Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure in old, very old subjects. J Hypertens 1995;13:1742-6.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Anderson GH Jr, Blakeman N., Streeten DH The effect of age on prevalence secondary forms of hypertension in 4429 consecutively referred patients. J Hypertens 1994;12:609-15. 10. Lisitz LA Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1989;321:952-7.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Mader SL, Josephson KE, Rubenstein LZ Low prevalence of postural hypotension among community-dwelling elderly. JAMA 1987;258:1511-14.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Caird FI, Andrews GR, Kennedy RD Effect of posture on blood pressure in the elderly. Br Heart J 1973;35:527-30.[Free Full Text]
• MacLennanWJ, Hall MR,Timothy JL Postural hypotension in old age: is it a disorder of the nervous system or of blood vessels? Age Ageing 1980;12:25-32.
• Applegate WB, Davis BR, Black HR et al. Prevalence of postural hypotension at baseline in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) cohort. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:1057-64.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Vanhanen H.,Thijs L., Birkenhäger W. et al. Associations of orthostatic blood pressure fall in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 1996;14:943-9.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Harris R., Kleinman J., Lipsitz L. et al. Is age or level of systolic blood pressure related to positional blood pressure change? Gerontologist 1986;26:59A.
• Rutan GH, Hermansson B., Bild DE et al. Orthostatic hypotension in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Hypertension 1992;19:508-19.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Lipsitz LA, Nyqvist RP, Wei JY et al. Postprandial reduction in blood pressure in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1983;309:81-3.[Abstract]
• Macrae AD, Bulpitt CJ Assessment of postural hypotension in the elderly patient. Age Ageing 1989;18:110-12.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• James MA, Potter JF Orthostatic blood pressure changes and arterial baroreflex sensitivity in elderly subjects. Age and Ageing 1999;28:522-30.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Carey BJ, Eames PJ, Blake MJ et al. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is unaffected by ageing. Stroke 2000;31:2895-900.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Fotherby MD, Iqbal P. Antihypertensive therapy and orthostatic responses in elderly hospital in-patients. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11:291-4.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• McInnes GT, O'Kane KP, Jonker J. et al. The efficacy and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil in an elderly hypertensive population. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11(suppl 2):S75-80.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Belcher G. Safety and tolerability of candesartan cilexetil in the elderly. J Hypertens 1998;16(suppl 2):249.
• Burnier M. Long-term compliance with antihypertensive therapy: another facet of chronotherapeutics in hypertension. Blood Pressure Monitoring 2000;5(suppl 1):S31-4.[Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Conlin PR, Gerth WC, Fox J. et al. Four-year persistence patterns among patients initiating therapy with the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan versus other antihypertensive drug classes. Clinical Therapeutics 2001;23:1999-2010.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Vaur L., Vaisse B., Genes N., Elkik F., Legrand C., Poggi L. Use of electronic pill boxes to assess risk of poor treatment compliance: results of a large-scale trial. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12:374-80.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Meredith PA Therapeutic implications of drug `holidays'. Eur Heart J 1996;17(suppl A):21-4.
• Lacourcière Y.,Asmar R. for the Candesartan/Losartan study investigators. A comparison of the efficacy and duration of action of candesartan cilexetil and losartan as assessed by clinic and ambulatory blood pressure after on missed dose, in truly hypertensive patients. A placebo-controlled, forced titration study. Am J Hypertens 1999;12:1181-7.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Öhman KP, Milon H.,Valnes K. Candesartan cilexetil/HCTZ in primary hypertension insufficiently controlled on monotherapy - a comparison with losartan/HCTZ. J Hypertens 2000;18(suppl 2):S153.[CrossRef]
• Koenig W., on behalf of the Multicentre Study Group. Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of combination tablets containing candesartan cilexetil and hydrochlorothiazide or losartan and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Clin Drug Invest 2000;19: 239-46.[CrossRef]
• Curb JD, Pressel SL, Cutler JA et al., for the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group. Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension [published correction appears in JAMA. 1997;277:1356]. JAMA 1996;276:1886-92.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Tuomilehto J., Rastenyte D., Birkenhager WH et al. Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. NEnglJMed 1999;340(9):677-84.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• The ACE Inhibitors in Diabetic Nephropathy Trialist Group. Should all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria receive angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors? Ann Intern Med 2001;134:370-9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Parving HH, Lehnert H., Bröchner-Mortensen J. et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:870-8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Brenner BM, Cooper ME, De Zeeuw D. et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001; 345(12):861-9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-80.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Swedberg K., Pfeffer M., Granger C. et al. Candesartan in heart failure--assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM): rationale and design. Charm-Programme Investigators. J Card Fail 1999;5:276-82.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6150 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. 2001;358:1033-41.
• Bosch J., Yusuf S., Pogue J. et al. HOPE Investigators. Heart outcomes prevention evaluation. Use of ramipril in preventing stroke: double blind randomised trial. BMJ 2002;324:699-702.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Nishimura Y., Ito T., Saavedra JM Angiotensin II AT1 blockade normalizes cerebrovascular autoregulation and reduces cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Stroke 2000;31:2478-86.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Neaton JD, Grimm RH, Prineas RJ et al.Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Final results. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Research Group. JAMA 1993;270:713-24.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Deary AJ, Schumann AL, Murfet H., Haydock SF, Foo RS-Y, Brown MJ Double-blind, placebo controlled crossover comparison of five classes of antihypertensive drugs. J Hypertens 2002;20:771-7.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Yusuf S., Sleight P., Pogue J. et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients: the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:145-53.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
• Dahlöf B., Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;59:995-1003.
• Neldam S., Forsen B. Multicentre Study Group. Antihypertensive treatment in elderly patients aged 75 years or over: a 24-week study of the tolerability of candesartan cilexetil in relation to hydrochlorothiazide. Drugs & Ageing 2001; 18:225-32.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Conlin PR, Spence JD, Williams B. Angiotensin II antagonists for hypertension: are there differences in efficacy? Am J Hypertens 2000;13:418-26.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Meredith PA Clinical comparative trials of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1)-receptor blockers. Blood Press 2001;10(suppl 3):11-17.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Ferrucci L., Furberg CD, Penninx Bwjh et al. Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension is most effective in older patients with high risk profile. Circulation 2001;104:1923-6.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Vol. 3, No. 1 suppl, S25-S31 (2002)
DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2002.027


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This Article Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Elliott, H. L Articles by McInnes, G. T Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Elliott, H. L Articles by McInnes, G. T Pubmed/NCBI databases Medline Plus Health Information High Blood Pressure Seniors' Health Social Bookmarking                         What's this?