|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Role of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular Disease — Therapeutic Implications of More Than a Century of Research
Carlos M Ferrario
The Hypertension and Vascular Disease Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA, cferrari{at}wfubmc.edu
More than a century of research on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has uncovered the widespread involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. A number of outcomes-based mega trials utilising hard clinical endpoints have revealed beneficial effects of angiotensin receptor antagonists (AIIAs/ARBs) in patients with hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and post-myocardial infarction (MI). The results of these studies not only emphasise the importance of Ang II in the pathophysiology of these diseases but have provided the basis for an evidence-based approach for the use of AIIAs in clinical practice. It is hoped that the next 100 years of research into the RAS will uncover hitherto unimaginable therapeutic opportunities.
Key Words: Hypertension Cardiovascular disease Diabetes mellitus Angiotensin II antagonists ACE inhibitors Stroke Heart failure Post myocardial infarction Diabetic nephropathy
References
- Silverstein RL, Fenves AZ, Ram CV ARBs and target organ protection. Exploring benefits beyond their antihypertensive effects. Postgrad Med 2004;116:31-8,41.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Wagenaar LJ, Voors AA, Buikema H., van Gilst WH Angiotensin receptors in the cardiovascular system. Can J Cardiol 2002;18:1331-9.[Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Nicholls MG, Robertson JI, Inagami T. The renin-Angiotensin system in the twenty-first century. Blood Press 2001;10:327-43.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Schiffrin EL Vascular and cardiac benefits of angiotensin receptor blockers. Am J Med 2002;113:409-18.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ferrario CM, Chappell MC Novel angiotensin peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2004;61:2720-7.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Tallant EA, Ferrario CM, Gallagher PE Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of cardiac myocytes through activation of the mas receptor. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;289: H1560-H1566.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Dahlof B., Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Julius S., Kjeldsen SE, Weber M. et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomized trial. Lancet 2004;363:2022-31.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Lithell H., Hansson L., Skoog I. et al. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens 2003;21:875-86.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Swedberg K., Pfeffer M., Granger C. et al. Candesartan in heart failure--assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM): rationale and design. CHARM-Programme Investigators. J Card Fail 1999;5:276-82.[CrossRef][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Granger CB, McMurray JJ, Yusuf S. et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure an Reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensinconverting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003;362:772-6./V^x"^[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- McMurray JJ, Ostergren J., Swedberg K. et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensinconverting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 2003;362:767-71.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Yusuf S., Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K. et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved left-ventricular ejection fraction: the CHARM-Preserved Trial. Lancet 2003;362:777-81.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Dickstein K., Kjekshus J. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal Trial in Myocardial Infarction with Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan. Lancet 2002;360:752-60.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ et al. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1893-906.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D. et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861-9.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR et al. Renoprotective effect of the Angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:851-60.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Parving HH, Lehnert H., Brochner-Mortensen J., Gomis R., Andersen S., Arner P. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:870-8.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Nicholls MG, Robertson JI The renin-angiotensin system in the year 2000. J Hum Hypertens 2000;14:649-66.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Roberston JIS. Epidemiology of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertension. In: Bulpitt CJ, ed. Epidemiology of Hypertension Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000:389-427.
- Alderman MH, Ooi WL, Cohen H., Madhavan S., Sealey JE, Laragh JH Plasma renin activity: a risk factor for myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 1997;10:1-8.[Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Pitt B., Poole-Wilson PA, Segal R. et al. Effect of losartan compared with captopril on mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure: randomised trial--the Losartan Heart Failure Survival Study ELITE II. Lancet 2000;355:1582-7.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Cohn JN, Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the Angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1667-75.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Dahlof B., Burke TA, Krobot K., Carides GW, Edelman J., Devereux R. Population impact of losartan use on stroke in the European Union (EU): projections from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) trial. J Hum Hypertens 2004;18:367-73.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Wachtell K., Hornestram B.,Lehto M. et al. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation: the LIFE trial E. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:705-11.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Levy PJ, Yunis C., Owen J., Brosnihan KB, Smith R., Ferrario CM Inhibition of platelet aggregability by losartan in essential hypertension. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:1188-92.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Ibsen H., Wachtell K., Olsen MH et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcome on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy? A LIFE substudy. J Hypertens 2004;22:1805-11.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Hoieggen A., Alderman MH, Kjeldsen SE et al. The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE trial. Kidney Int 2004;65:1041-9.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Devereux RB, Dahlof B., Gerdts E. et al. Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial. Circulation 2004;110:1456-62.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Carlberg B., Samuelsson O., Lindholm LH Atenolol in hypertension: is it a wise choice? Lancet 2004;364:1684-9.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Pepine CJ, Handberg EM, Cooper-DeHoff RM et al. A calcium antagonist vs. a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2805-16.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Edelman JM, Lyle PA, ZhAng Z. Letter to the editor. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:W-29.
- Pitt B., Segal R., Martinez FA et al. Randomised trial of losartan versus captopril in patients over 65 with heart failure (Evaluation of Losartan in the Elderly Study, ELITE). Lancet 1997;349:747-52.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Lindholm LH, Ibsen H., Dahlof B. et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:1004-10.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Lindholm LH, Dahlof B., Edelman JM et al. Effect of losartan on sudden cardiac death in people with diabetes: data from the LIFE trial. Lancet 2003;362:619-20.[CrossRef][Web of Science][Medline]
[Order article via Infotrieve]
- Lee VC, Rhew DC, Dylan M., Badamgarav E., Braunstein GD, Weingarten SR Meta-analysis: Angiotensin-receptor blockers in chronic heart failure and high-risk acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:693-704.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Vol. 7, No. 1,
3-14 (2006)
DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2006.003

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
Q. Tian, R. Miyazaki, T. Ichiki, I. Imayama, K. Inanaga, H. Ohtsubo, K. Yano, K. Takeda, and K. Sunagawa
Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}-Induced Interleukin-6 Expression by Telmisartan Through Cross-Talk of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma} With Nuclear Factor {kappa}B and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein-{beta}
Hypertension,
May 1, 2009;
53(5):
798 - 804.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. W Wright and J. W Harding
The angiotensin AT4 receptor subtype as a target for the treatment of memory dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease
Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System,
December 1, 2008;
9(4):
226 - 237.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Schindler
ACE-inhibitor, AT1-receptor-antagonist, or both? A clinical pharmacologist`s perspective after publication of the results of ONTARGET
Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease,
August 1, 2008;
2(4):
233 - 248.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. W. Wray, S. K. Nishiyama, R. A. Harris, and R. S. Richardson
Angiotensin II in the Elderly: Impact of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Sensitivity on Peripheral Hemodynamics
Hypertension,
June 1, 2008;
51(6):
1611 - 1616.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. V. C. Felix and L. C. Michelini
Training-Induced Pressure Fall in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Is Associated With Reduced Angiotensinogen mRNA Expression Within the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii
Hypertension,
October 1, 2007;
50(4):
780 - 785.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|
|